{"items":["5fda6f15745c650017912a07","5fda6f15745c650017912a04","5fda6f15745c650017912a06","5fda6f15745c650017912a05","5fda6f15745c650017912a08","5fda6f15745c6500179129ff","5fda6f15745c650017912a00","5fda6f15745c650017912a02","5fda6f15745c650017912a03","5fda6f15745c650017912a01","5fda6f15478b550017f698bb","5fda6f15478b550017f698b9","5fda6f15478b550017f698ba","5fda6f15478b550017f698bf","5fda6f15478b550017f698bc","5fda6f15478b550017f698c2","5fda6f15478b550017f698be","5fda6f15478b550017f698c0","5fda6f15478b550017f698c1","5fda6f15478b550017f698bd"],"styles":{"galleryType":"Columns","groupSize":1,"showArrows":true,"cubeImages":true,"cubeType":"max","cubeRatio":1.7777777777777777,"isVertical":true,"gallerySize":30,"collageAmount":0,"collageDensity":0,"groupTypes":"1","oneRow":false,"imageMargin":5,"galleryMargin":0,"scatter":0,"rotatingScatter":"","chooseBestGroup":true,"smartCrop":false,"hasThumbnails":false,"enableScroll":true,"isGrid":true,"isSlider":false,"isColumns":false,"isSlideshow":false,"cropOnlyFill":false,"fixedColumns":0,"enableInfiniteScroll":true,"isRTL":false,"minItemSize":50,"rotatingGroupTypes":"","rotatingCropRatios":"","columnWidths":"","gallerySliderImageRatio":1.7777777777777777,"numberOfImagesPerRow":3,"numberOfImagesPerCol":1,"groupsPerStrip":0,"borderRadius":0,"boxShadow":0,"gridStyle":0,"mobilePanorama":false,"placeGroupsLtr":false,"viewMode":"preview","thumbnailSpacings":4,"galleryThumbnailsAlignment":"bottom","isMasonry":false,"isAutoSlideshow":false,"slideshowLoop":false,"autoSlideshowInterval":4,"bottomInfoHeight":0,"titlePlacement":["SHOW_ON_THE_LEFT","SHOW_BELOW"],"galleryTextAlign":"center","scrollSnap":false,"itemClick":"nothing","fullscreen":true,"videoPlay":"hover","scrollAnimation":"NO_EFFECT","slideAnimation":"SCROLL","scrollDirection":0,"scrollDuration":400,"overlayAnimation":"FADE_IN","arrowsPosition":0,"arrowsSize":23,"watermarkOpacity":40,"watermarkSize":40,"useWatermark":true,"watermarkDock":{"top":"auto","left":"auto","right":0,"bottom":0,"transform":"translate3d(0,0,0)"},"loadMoreAmount":"all","defaultShowInfoExpand":1,"allowLinkExpand":true,"expandInfoPosition":0,"allowFullscreenExpand":true,"fullscreenLoop":false,"galleryAlignExpand":"left","addToCartBorderWidth":1,"addToCartButtonText":"","slideshowInfoSize":200,"playButtonForAutoSlideShow":false,"allowSlideshowCounter":false,"hoveringBehaviour":"NEVER_SHOW","thumbnailSize":120,"magicLayoutSeed":1,"imageHoverAnimation":"NO_EFFECT","imagePlacementAnimation":"NO_EFFECT","calculateTextBoxWidthMode":"PERCENT","textBoxHeight":26,"textBoxWidth":200,"textBoxWidthPercent":65,"textImageSpace":10,"textBoxBorderRadius":0,"textBoxBorderWidth":0,"loadMoreButtonText":"","loadMoreButtonBorderWidth":1,"loadMoreButtonBorderRadius":0,"imageInfoType":"ATTACHED_BACKGROUND","itemBorderWidth":0,"itemBorderRadius":0,"itemEnableShadow":false,"itemShadowBlur":20,"itemShadowDirection":135,"itemShadowSize":10,"imageLoadingMode":"BLUR","expandAnimation":"NO_EFFECT","imageQuality":90,"usmToggle":false,"usm_a":0,"usm_r":0,"usm_t":0,"videoSound":false,"videoSpeed":"1","videoLoop":true,"jsonStyleParams":"","gallerySizeType":"px","gallerySizePx":292,"allowTitle":true,"allowContextMenu":true,"textsHorizontalPadding":-30,"itemBorderColor":{"themeName":"color_12","value":"rgba(244,210,122,0)"},"showVideoPlayButton":true,"galleryLayout":2,"calculateTextBoxHeightMode":"MANUAL","targetItemSize":292,"selectedLayout":"2|bottom|1|max|true|0|true","layoutsVersion":2,"selectedLayoutV2":2,"isSlideshowFont":true,"externalInfoHeight":26,"externalInfoWidth":0.65},"container":{"width":210,"galleryWidth":215,"galleryHeight":0,"scrollBase":0,"height":null}}
觀賞年桔與食品安全
曾耀源
(廠商會檢定中心)
在農曆新年過後,不少市民喜歡把觀賞年桔醃製成鹹柑桔。然而,最近有報導指年桔含有大量農藥殘餘,並超出食用標準100倍;因此,市民不應用年桔來製作鹹柑桔。
但實情是否這樣呢?首先,要明白該訊息是由Whatsapp傳出來,其內容可靠性存疑。例如,農藥超標100倍是未經證實的數字、訊息來源不詳,而且涉及哪一種農藥亦沒有說明。
觀賞年桔與農藥使用
雖然訊息提及的超標數值未必真確,但內地農民對觀賞年桔施用農藥倒是不爭的事實。
觀賞年桔的主要品種
(廣東省農科院科技情報研究所, 2011)

用藥 (包括除害劑) 的原因是為了防治害蟲 (例如紅蜘蛛) 和病菌 (例如炭疽病),以及保持盤桔美觀。以年桔主要產地之一順德為例,花農據報會對年桔使用克蟎特 / 炔蟎特 (Propargite) 以殺滅紅蜘蛛。
其他可用於防治柑桔病蟲的除害劑
(廣西百色市農業局, 2014)

觀賞年桔沒有農藥限量標準嗎?
根據食物內除害劑殘餘規例 (第132CM章),香港已對多種可能出現在食物內的農藥訂定殘餘限值要求。例如,每公斤的食用金桔不可含有超出5毫克的炔蟎特。然而,這要求並不適用於非食用和作觀賞用途的桔。
事實上,外國一般亦不會對觀賞用的植物及其果實設立最高殘餘限量(Maximum Residue Limit MRL) / 再殘餘限量 (Extraneous MRL) 要求。
觀賞年桔變作食物時會受到規管嗎?
1) 銷售用途
假若有人以年桔作“原材料”醃製成鹹柑桔,然後當作食物出售;該出售食品應受到公眾衞生及市政條例(第132章)的規管,並須符合相關食品法例要求 (例如農藥/除害劑及重金屬的限值要求)和適合人類食用。
由於種植觀賞年桔時大多沒有考慮食品安全因素,加上缺乏關於年桔中含有毒有害物質的資料作參考,我們不能排除年桔含高毒、致突變和致癌的禁用化學農藥 (例如甲胺磷和氧化樂果) 和重金屬 (例如鎘)。
因此,筆者認為觀賞年桔不是合適的 “食品原材料”,亦應避免直接進食。
假若食品企業必須使用年桔作“原材料”,每批“年桔”須通過檢測和確認不含有毒有害物質後才可加工和出售。這是風險評估和保證食材安全的做法。
2) 自用
假若市民把年桔醃製成鹹柑桔作自用,Cap 132法例是管不到的。然而,為了保障自身健康,筆者建議市民避免進食這些不是為了食用而栽種的年桔為妙。
至於農藥對人體健康造成的不良影響 (急性或慢性中毒),則要視乎的個別農藥的性質、攝入量、攝入期及安全參考值(例如每日可攝入量) 等因素。