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儘快開展天津港爆炸事件的食品安全風險治理工作
儘快開展天津港爆炸事件的食品安全風險治理工作
來源:中國食品安全報
中國人民大學食品安全治理協同創新中心研究員公共管理學院副教授 劉鵬
8.12天津港特別重大火災爆炸事故是一起典型的工業風險爆發所釀成的事故,不僅造成了慘痛的傷亡後果,也因大量危險化學品的爆炸給當地的大氣和水等環境要素帶來了一定的安全風險。事實上,環境安全與食品安全是息息相關的,大氣和水等環境要素風險,也會給食品安全帶來直接的安全風險。例如2011年3月爆發的日本大地震,引發了福島核電站核輻射洩露,不僅直接影響到了當地的空氣和水的品質,也間接導致了周邊地區所出產的蔬菜、水果、海產品等受到污染,從而引起了該國消費者對食品安全的憂慮,並導致多國政府宣佈停止進口該地區農產品,而由此可能引發的長期性食品安全風險現階段仍然在研究和評估之中。

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雖然此次天津港火災爆炸事故在性質上與那次日本大地震並不相同,對環境要素所產生的風險特徵也存在差異,而且事發地點並沒有直接與農業生產相關的關係,但並不意味著就可以放鬆對食品安全的風險評估工作。例如,包括氰化物在內的危險化學品爆炸之後,對空氣、土壤、地下水等環境因素所產生的致害因數,其中有多少會對當地及周邊地區的食用農產品和加工食品產生安全影響?這些影響裡面,有多少是屬於可降解的一次性食品污染?又有多少是可能存在的持續性污染風險?這些可能產生的食品污染風險在種類、性質、範圍、嚴重程度、可逆性以及持續性方面各自存在哪些特徵?政府部門是否需要對當地的部分食用農產品發出消費警示,同時加大定向抽檢的頻次,以及產品品質資訊公開的力度,甚至對疑似問題產品進行定點封存和銷毀,以免讓它們流入正常市場?這些都需要相關部門儘快開展有針對性的食品安全風險評估工作,以免食品安全問題變成此次爆炸事故的次生風險。具體的政策建議包括:
第一,儘快成立由國家食品藥品監管總局領導、國家食品安全風險評估中心所組成的風險評估專家小組,讓小組成員能夠直接參與到事故的各項調查和分析的進程當中,並與環境、公共衛生風險評估等相關專家保持密切溝通,加強資訊共用與協調。
第二,借助于已經成立的京津冀食品安全協同治理平臺,加大北京、天津和河北三地政府在跨區域食品物流和貿易監管合作的力度,重點監管濱海新區周邊農村地區以及食品加工廠相關產品的流向,防止可能的問題產品流入消費市場。

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第三,建議將食品安全相關資訊的發佈列入到此次事件的官方新聞發佈會內容之中,地方政府監管機構與檢驗檢測部門相關負責人應當通過新聞發佈會即時、動態、真實地披露此次事故所引發的食品安全風險,並積極發出消費警示信號。
第四,鼓勵事發地相關企業、新聞媒體、消費者對此次爆炸事件可能涉及到的食品安全風險進行有獎舉報,經相關部門核實之後予以獎勵,對隱瞞可能產生食品安全風險的相關企業或其他機構依法進行處罰。