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加強規管網購食品 (二)
加強規管網購食品 (二)
曾耀源
(廠商會檢定中心)
上期提及國家食品藥品監督管理總局最近發佈了《網絡食品經營監督管理辦法﹙徵求意見稿﹚》(下稱“意見稿”)。當中部份關於網購食品經營監督管理的建議包括:
1. 網絡食品經營者須 “持牌” / “登記”
意見稿要求網絡食品經營者依法取得食品經營許可或者備案憑證,才可銷售網絡食品。筆者認為這建議可取,有助政府掌握關於網絡食品銷售者的資訊,以便適時追蹤和監管。

在香港,《食物安全條例》(第612章) 其實已規定網上食物進口商和食物分銷商須向食環署署長登記。目的是確保政府在處理食物事故時,可有效追蹤食物來源和迅速採取行動。
然而,假如網絡食品經營者只扮演 “零售商” 角色,他們便不會向政府登記,政府亦不會知道他們的 “存在”。假如政府在出現網絡食物安全事故後才 “驚覺” 他們的存在,便落於 “後知後覺” 或 “不知不覺”。
2. 網絡食品經營者須特別處理在儲存、運輸、食用等方面有特殊要求的食品
意見稿亦建議網絡食品經營者在銷售有保鮮、保溫、冷藏或者冰凍等特殊要求的食品時,須採取保證食品安全的儲運措施,或委託具備相應儲運能力的企業進行儲運。
筆者認為這規管方向是正確的。正如上期所述,網購食品出現問題的其中一個主因,是因為運送不當 (例如運送冷凍/冷藏食品時未能保持全程低溫,以致微生物大量生長)。為確保最終運送到客人手上的食物是適合食用,網絡食品經營者責無旁貸,需確保食品運送環節是恰當和安全的。
此外,對於這些在儲存、運輸、食用等方面有特殊要求的食品,意見稿要求網絡食品經營者在網絡食品交易平台發佈食品資訊時,予以充分的說明和提示。
對於 “較高風險” 的網購食品 (例如容易變壞的即食水產品),筆者認為嚴格規管是必須的。因為這才可保障消費者的安全。

圖片來源:NCDD, 2015
http://www.nccd.gov.in/
3. 網絡食品經營者須評核其食品供應商
意見稿進一步要求網絡食品經營者進貨時查驗供貨者的許可證和食品出廠檢驗合格證或者其他合格證明,並在網絡食品資訊發佈頁面的醒目位置公示該食品合格證明檔。
筆者一向鼓勵食品買家 (包括網絡食品經營者) 定期審核其食品供應商,確保他們提供的食品無問題後才入貨和轉售予消費者。這做法既能保障消費者健康,亦可減低公司因出售問題食品而損害聲譽和作出賠償的風險。買家可自行評估其供應商,或聘用獨立機構代其審核供應商。
4. 網絡食品交易平台的提供者須建立檢查制度
除訂明網絡食品經營者的義務外,意見稿亦要求網絡食品交易平台的提供者設置專門的管理機構或者指定專職管理人員,對平台內銷售的食品及資訊進行檢查,對虛假資訊、誇大宣傳、超範圍經營等違法行為以及食品品質安全問題或者其他安全隱患,及時制止。
換句話說,這是要求網絡食品交易平台的提供者恒常和密切監管網絡食品經營者。筆者認為這個要求對交易平台的提供者有點不公平,亦未必可行。因為他們不是執法部門,亦未必有足夠知識去評估食品資訊和處理食品安全問題。對於這些事情的監管,第一責任人應該是政府才對吧?!相反,網絡食品交易平台的提供者的角色應是 全力 “配合” 政府執法,令問題食品不會流出市面 (例如及時停止提供交易平台服務)。
結語
通過網絡進行購物的消費模式是大勢所趨,因此網絡食品的安全性很值得關注。雖說現時香港食物法例一般亦適用於網絡食品,但無可否認有些監管環節不夠具體和缺乏針對性 (例如對網絡食品銷售者的登記和責任要求、在網絡食品交易平台網頁須公佈的食品資料、冷儲運環節的監管、針對網上食品安全性的專項調查等)。