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淺談食物安全文化
淺談食物安全文化
曾耀源
(廠商會檢定中心)
筆者早前往北京參與一個國際食品安全會議。會上多位龍頭食品企業總裁認為公司文化會影響其產品的安全性。食物安全文化體現於公司管理層和員工的日常行為,並反映其信念和價值觀 – 維護食品安全是流於口號,抑或是真心覺得須保障食客健康?員工是否有意識、有決心和願意承諾去維護食品安全?在金錢利益誘惑下,公司管理層會否放棄良心而製造黑心食品?

(圖片來源: CFDA, 2015)
若要評估自己對食品安全的承諾程度,不妨問以下問題*:
別人期望我公司執行食物安全計劃是合理的?
我相信食物安全計劃可以預防食物安全事故?
我的態度會影響食物安全計劃的成效?
我願意分享對食物安全的疑慮/ 改善建議?
我相信執行食品安全工作是在善用我的時間?
我願意投放公司資源去改善和維護食品安全?
*來源:加拿大Manitoba 政府https://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/food-safety/at-the-food-processor/food-safety-culture.html
若果您的答案是“否”,那麼您公司的食物安全文化急需改進。

與會者普遍認為良好食物安全文化有賴於:
1. 卓越領導
公司領導須把維護食品安全當作首要任務,並確立清晰的食品安全目標,使員工能聚焦和向目標進發。
此外,管理層須訂立政策、食物安全管理制度和工作步驟,令員工能夠正確生產安全食品。
當然,提供足夠和恰當的資源 (金錢、人材、環境和生產設備等作安全食品生產) 亦屬於領導的責任。
2. 員工參與
在制訂食品安全管理計劃時,須與員工 (尤其是負責設計及執行食物安全措施的員工) 共同商討。這有助提高員工的“參與感”,強化他們對企業的承諾,促使他們支持和落實食品安全措施。
3. 以身作則
領導在做,員工在看。管理層亦要嚴格遵守自己訂下的食物安全管理計劃。若其身不正,不但失去信譽,亦很難要求下屬嚴格遵守計劃要求。
4. 問責制
當食品出現問題時,犯錯的員工(即使是管理層) 會被追究責任 (如罰款、扣人工、被解僱等)。在問責制下,員工要為自己的行為負責,可望減少犯錯。
5. 獎勵制
要改變員工作為,懲罰並不是唯一方法。相反,他們做得好時亦要予以獎賞(如公司一年內出現“零”食物安全事故,員工可獲額外花紅)。會上多位有遠見的食品領袖都認為“獎勵方式” 較為可取。
6. 有效溝通
要達到食品安全目標,須以有效渠道把相關資訊傳遞至所有員工;同時亦藉此收集員工的意見和聲音,進一步改進公司的食品安全計劃。
除了與員工溝通外,有社會責任心的企業亦樂於收集和聆聽顧客的意見,並作出適當的改善。
7. 精益求精
除了符合食品安全法例法規 – 即“最低要求”外,企業應實施要求更高的食物安全管理措施,以符合或超越行業標準的要求。
此外,定期進行 (外部和內部) 審核有助查找現時食物安全管理的不足之處。
8. 培訓
員工須明白公司的目標、正確生產安全食品的程序,以及他們不做好時所帶來的風險和後果。所有員工(包括公司管理層) 亦須定期接受加強食品安全知識的培訓。