{"items":["5fda6f15745c650017912a07","5fda6f15745c650017912a04","5fda6f15745c650017912a06","5fda6f15745c650017912a05","5fda6f15745c650017912a08","5fda6f15745c6500179129ff","5fda6f15745c650017912a00","5fda6f15745c650017912a02","5fda6f15745c650017912a03","5fda6f15745c650017912a01","5fda6f15478b550017f698bb","5fda6f15478b550017f698b9","5fda6f15478b550017f698ba","5fda6f15478b550017f698bf","5fda6f15478b550017f698bc","5fda6f15478b550017f698c2","5fda6f15478b550017f698be","5fda6f15478b550017f698c0","5fda6f15478b550017f698c1","5fda6f15478b550017f698bd"],"styles":{"galleryType":"Columns","groupSize":1,"showArrows":true,"cubeImages":true,"cubeType":"max","cubeRatio":1.7777777777777777,"isVertical":true,"gallerySize":30,"collageAmount":0,"collageDensity":0,"groupTypes":"1","oneRow":false,"imageMargin":5,"galleryMargin":0,"scatter":0,"rotatingScatter":"","chooseBestGroup":true,"smartCrop":false,"hasThumbnails":false,"enableScroll":true,"isGrid":true,"isSlider":false,"isColumns":false,"isSlideshow":false,"cropOnlyFill":false,"fixedColumns":0,"enableInfiniteScroll":true,"isRTL":false,"minItemSize":50,"rotatingGroupTypes":"","rotatingCropRatios":"","columnWidths":"","gallerySliderImageRatio":1.7777777777777777,"numberOfImagesPerRow":3,"numberOfImagesPerCol":1,"groupsPerStrip":0,"borderRadius":0,"boxShadow":0,"gridStyle":0,"mobilePanorama":false,"placeGroupsLtr":true,"viewMode":"preview","thumbnailSpacings":4,"galleryThumbnailsAlignment":"bottom","isMasonry":false,"isAutoSlideshow":false,"slideshowLoop":false,"autoSlideshowInterval":4,"bottomInfoHeight":0,"titlePlacement":["SHOW_ON_THE_LEFT","SHOW_BELOW"],"galleryTextAlign":"center","scrollSnap":false,"itemClick":"nothing","fullscreen":true,"videoPlay":"hover","scrollAnimation":"NO_EFFECT","slideAnimation":"SCROLL","scrollDirection":0,"scrollDuration":400,"overlayAnimation":"FADE_IN","arrowsPosition":0,"arrowsSize":23,"watermarkOpacity":40,"watermarkSize":40,"useWatermark":true,"watermarkDock":{"top":"auto","left":"auto","right":0,"bottom":0,"transform":"translate3d(0,0,0)"},"loadMoreAmount":"all","defaultShowInfoExpand":1,"allowLinkExpand":true,"expandInfoPosition":0,"allowFullscreenExpand":true,"fullscreenLoop":false,"galleryAlignExpand":"left","addToCartBorderWidth":1,"addToCartButtonText":"","slideshowInfoSize":200,"playButtonForAutoSlideShow":false,"allowSlideshowCounter":false,"hoveringBehaviour":"NEVER_SHOW","thumbnailSize":120,"magicLayoutSeed":1,"imageHoverAnimation":"NO_EFFECT","imagePlacementAnimation":"NO_EFFECT","calculateTextBoxWidthMode":"PERCENT","textBoxHeight":26,"textBoxWidth":200,"textBoxWidthPercent":65,"textImageSpace":10,"textBoxBorderRadius":0,"textBoxBorderWidth":0,"loadMoreButtonText":"","loadMoreButtonBorderWidth":1,"loadMoreButtonBorderRadius":0,"imageInfoType":"ATTACHED_BACKGROUND","itemBorderWidth":0,"itemBorderRadius":0,"itemEnableShadow":false,"itemShadowBlur":20,"itemShadowDirection":135,"itemShadowSize":10,"imageLoadingMode":"BLUR","expandAnimation":"NO_EFFECT","imageQuality":90,"usmToggle":false,"usm_a":0,"usm_r":0,"usm_t":0,"videoSound":false,"videoSpeed":"1","videoLoop":true,"jsonStyleParams":"","gallerySizeType":"px","gallerySizePx":292,"allowTitle":true,"allowContextMenu":true,"textsHorizontalPadding":-30,"itemBorderColor":{"themeName":"color_12","value":"rgba(244,210,122,0)"},"showVideoPlayButton":true,"galleryLayout":2,"calculateTextBoxHeightMode":"MANUAL","targetItemSize":292,"selectedLayout":"2|bottom|1|max|true|0|true","layoutsVersion":2,"selectedLayoutV2":2,"isSlideshowFont":true,"externalInfoHeight":26,"externalInfoWidth":0.65},"container":{"width":210,"galleryWidth":215,"galleryHeight":0,"scrollBase":0,"height":null}}
應否強制食品企業自主檢驗食品？
應否強制食品企業自主檢驗食品？
曾耀源
(廠商會檢定中心)
鑑於近年黑心食品事件不斷，台灣食品藥物管理署（TFDA）擬立法強制食品企業加強自主管理1。從2016年7月31日起， 17類食品業者 (包括食用油脂、肉類加工食品、乳品加工食品、水產品食品、食品添加物、特殊營養食品、黃豆、玉米、小麥、麵粉、澱粉、食鹽、糖、醬油、茶葉、茶葉飲料之業者及非百貨公司之綜合零售業者) 須分階段訂定食品安全監測計畫，以確保在台出售食品的衛生和安全。
1資料來源：台灣食品藥物管理署, 2015 http://www.fda.gov.tw/tc/newsContent.aspx?id=19422&chk=08033743-3b9e-4375-9e32-9368cb302db7¶m=pn&cid=4&cchk=f11420b2-cf8e-4d3a-beb5-66521b800453#.VoTVBprlpok
違者處新臺幣三萬元 (港幣約7500元) 以上及三百萬元 (港幣約75萬元) 以下之罰鍰；並可被勒令停業或廢止其公司、商業及工廠之登記事項。
強制檢驗要求
草案亦訂明各類食品業者對其原料、半成品或成品的必檢項目和最低檢驗週期。以食用油脂業者為例，強制檢驗要求如下：
至於其他業別的強制性檢驗項目及檢驗週期，可參閱台灣FDA公告的說明文件：
http://www.fda.gov.tw/tc/includes/GetFile.ashx?mID=19&id=49120&chk=f4814707-2353-4dc3-9b96-bfec72117c03
訂定自檢計劃的注意事項
業者在訂定其食品安全監測計劃時，須合理評估及選擇優於或符合公告所列之強制檢驗項目。評估原則要以風險為本，符合危害分析與關鍵控制點 (HACCP) 的精神，以及考慮產業特性、食品製程、供應商管理和風險控管等因素。評估結果應備有相關支持性或佐證資料，提供合理性說明。業者須就食品來源、製造、儲藏和銷售等各項重要管制環節，列明相關的管制項目、方法、頻率及操作人員。
香港應否也強制食品企業自主檢驗食品？
在香港，現時沒有法例強制食品企業或入口商須定期自行檢驗其食品原材料、半成品和成品。
大多數食品入口商可能單憑供應商提供的一份檢驗報告，便貿然認為足以證明進口食品是安全的及無需再自行檢驗食品。然而，供應商所作的檢測未必全面涵蓋與該食品有關的常見危害。以茶葉為例，供應商可能隨意只選一至兩種重金屬和數種除害劑作檢驗，而沒有檢驗其他常見的金屬雜質和除害劑。換句話說，供應商選擇檢驗項目時並非基於風險分析，因此通過不全面檢驗的食物也不一定代表安全。
一些注重食品安全的本地企業或入口商或會自願檢驗食品。然而，自願性檢驗多屬一次性及不定期。例如，業者只對初次入口或生產的食品作檢驗；檢驗合格後則不再抽驗往後的進口或生產批次。某批次的合格食品其實不能保證往後不同批次食品的安全性。因此，業者應定期進行自主檢測，確保其原材料、半成品和成品 “真的”和 “持續” 安全。
筆者一向認為要維護食品安全，業者自主管理是非常重要。因此，台灣TFDA的做法值得香港採用。針對某些 “高風險” 食品，香港政府應列明必檢項目，並強制食品業者定期進行以風險為本的檢測。這可望進一步保障消費者的權益，並提升本地企業管理食品安全的水平。
