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啤酒與農藥
啤酒與農藥
曾耀源
(廠商會檢定中心)
德國慕尼克環境研究所最近公布的一項調查， 發現14款德國暢銷啤酒含農藥「草甘膦」，最高含量為每公升29.74微克。
圖片來源：Deutsche Welle, 2016
http://www.dw.com/en/glyphosate-weed-killer-found-in-german-beers-study-finds/a-19072785
根據德國聯邦風險評估所 (BfR) 所作的風險評估，一個成年人要每天喝約1000公升的啤酒，才會造成健康問題1。按一般飲用量喝啤酒，所攝入的草甘膦份量不會影響健康。
1 資料來源: BfR, 2016
http://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/349/provisional-assessment-of-glyphosate-contents-in-beer.pdf
甚麼是草甘膦?
草甘膦是一種在世界各地廣泛使用的除草劑。它可清除農田的各種雜草；以及非農田 (如園林、鉄路、公路、森林、湖泊等) 的雜草。
然而，草甘膦的毒性卻一直備受爭議。例如，去年初世界衞生組織的國際癌症研究機構 (IARC) 把草甘膦歸類為「可能令人患癌的物質」。然而，去年底歐洲食物安全局 (EFSA) 卻表示草甘膦不會致癌。事件引起全球多位科學家質疑EFSA的判斷，並呼籲各國不再准許使用草甘膦。
農藥殘餘與食品安全
由於草甘膦被大量使用，農藥會殘留在環境中(如土壤和水)，並通過食物鏈在動植物身上累積。假如釀造啤酒的原料 (如穀物) 受到草甘膦污染，很可能導致啤酒含農藥。
加強食品源頭監控
很多注重食品安全的公司都明白 “垃圾入 = 垃圾出” 的道理。因此，筆者一向建議食品企業需加強管理供應商，尤其是在農場審核方面。
1. 定期檢驗原材料、半成品及成品；
2. 管理及評核食品供應商 (如確保農場環境沒污染、農戶遵守良好農業規範、正確使用除害劑、遵守休藥期等)；
3. 記錄原材料的來源和流向，確保問題發生時可追溯。
假如企業沒有足夠資源 (如合資格的審核員) 親自考核供應商，可考慮找有公信力的獨立機構，代為審核農場和食品生產企業，全面和客觀評核「從農場到餐桌」的每一個環節。
