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水質和大氣品質較差的城市或重合
水質和大氣品質較差的城市或重合
來源：新京報 作者：王碩
日前，《城市水環境品質排名技術規定》（徵求意見稿）正在環保部官網上公開徵求意見。今後，和空氣品質指數（AQI指數）對應，城市水質指數（CWQI指數）也將走進公眾視野。屆時，對在全國338個地級以上城市中排名前十及後十的城市，環保部將按月度、季度、年度公佈其名單。專家預計，水環境品質較差的10個城市和大氣環境品質較差的10個城市，可能會出現重合，“河北的多些”。
根據徵求意見稿，參與城市水環境品質排名範圍包括全國31個省（區、市）的338個地級及以上城市，參與城市排名的斷面（點位）為國家地表水環境品質監測網中規定的城市排名斷面（點位）。城市水環境品質的排名基於城市水質指數，即CWQI指數。按照從小到大的順序進行排名，排名越靠前說明城市水環境品質越好。
城市水質指數（CWQI）如何得出？據介紹，城市水質指數主要考察兩個方面，一是城市的河流水質情況，一個是城市的湖庫水質情況。其中，河流水質將採用《地表水環境品質標準》除水溫、糞大腸菌群和總氮以外的21項指標，先計算出單項指標的水質指數，再綜合計算河流水質指數。湖庫水質指數計算方法與河流一致，也是先單項指再綜合。而城市水質指數，則根據城市轄區內河流和湖庫的CWQI指數，取其加權均值即為該城市的水質指數。
根據徵求意見稿中的資訊發佈要求，國家要公佈在城市水環境品質排名中，水環境品質相對較好的 10個城市名單，和水環境品質相對較差的10個城市名單。各省（區、市）公佈本行政區域內城市水環境品質排名情況時，可參考國家的公佈方式進行，公佈的城市個數由各省（區、市）酌情確定。
本次徵求意見將在7月10日截止。
【追訪1】
哪些城市會排最後10名？
中國環境科學研究院原副院長夏青表示，水環境品質和所處氣候帶有關，受水量大小的影響，所以水環境品質較差的城市大部分集中在北方，特別是海河流域沿線城市。
夏青分析，水環境品質較差的城市和大氣環境品質較差的城市，可能出現重合。“重合最多的，應該是河北省的幾個城市”，夏青表示，這些城市大氣污染嚴重，水也不太好，但至於重合度有多大，還得等評出來再看。
據瞭解，海河流域是中國水污染最嚴重流域，而河北省91%的面積位於海河流域。
【追訪2】
水質情況是否能契合老百姓感受？
夏青表示，水環境品質的評價，應該說比大氣環境品質的評價更科學、更準確。他說，首先水有長期的斷面監測，而且水域是閉合的，不像大氣是開放的，不同的區域間有交換，所以在這種情況下，水的排名更清楚。
“我覺得水品質的排名應重點關注老百姓關心的、看得到的方面。”夏青說，其實也是抓住“兩頭”，一頭是“好水”，飲用水，能不能保障老百姓的身體健康，另一頭是“壞水”，城市的黑臭水，能不能變好。“這就是以人為本，跟著老百姓的感覺走”，夏青說，排名的目的就是告訴老百姓應該享受到的什麼樣的水環境，但是現在還沒享受到。
